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Reproductive Health and Family Planning Needs among HIV-Infected Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Conclusions: HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa have myriad needs related to reproductive health, including access to high-quality family planning information and options, high-quality pregnancy care, and trained providers. Integrated services that help prevent unintended pregnancy and optimize maternal and infant health before, during and after pregnancy will both maximize limited resources as well as provide improved reproductive outcomes. PMID: 23432491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sarnquist CC, Rahangdale L, Maldonado Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Mother-to-Child Transmission Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Infants Followed Up in Jos North-Central Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: In North-central Nigeria where HIV is prevalent, ART started before pregnancy is enormously effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission. Adoption of WHO 'Option B+' deserves serious consideration in such settings. PMID: 25986370 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sagay AS, Ebonyi AO, Meloni ST, Musa J, Oguche S, Ekwempu CC, Oyebode T, Ejeliogu E, Imade GE, Agbaji OO, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Knowledge of pregnant women on mother-to-child transmission of HIV, its prevention, and associated factors in Assosa town, Northwest Ethiopia
Conclusion: Knowledge on MTCT and its prevention among women is low in the study area. We recommend more efforts to be exerted on improving women's knowledge of PMTCT of HIV.Keywords: pregnant women, mother-to-child transmission and prevention, Assosa
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - May 5, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women.
CONCLUSIONS: The degree of IA and MT was similar among HIV+PG and HIV+ non-PG women followed longitudinally. There was no incremental increase due to the combined effects of HIV and pregnancy. Several markers of IA and MT (LPS, 16SrDNA) decreased post ART. IA and MT occurred in a subgroup of HIV-PG women during the 1st trimester. Further study must be done to confirm whether MT consistently occurs in some healthy women during PG. PMID: 30062968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 31, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mitchell CD, Dominguez S, Roach M, George V, Rinaldi S, Fischl M, Potter J, Tyson B, Pahwa S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Data Analysis Based on Pregnant Women Population from 2012 to 2018, in Nantong City, China.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal identification of HIV infection and timely administration of all preventive measures can completely block MTCT of HIV. The data indicate that more efforts must be taken to ensure that all pregnant women are tested for anti-HIV during pregnancy. For pregnant women who missed prenatal screening, a positive result in rapid anti-HIV test at delivery should be sufficient to take preventive measures to prevent MTCT of HIV. PMID: 32778030 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - August 9, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lou H, Ge X, Xu B, Liu W, Zhou YH Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Pregnancy Among HIV-Serodiscordant Couples: Case Report of Vertical Transmission and Retrospective Case Series.
CONCLUSION: Despite concerted attempts to minimize HIV transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding in our wellresourced setting, residual transmission risk remains due to non-suppressed viral load within many HIV-serodiscordant pregnant couples. PMID: 33390144 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 31, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Choudhury B, Stadnyk M, Jijon DF, McLaughlin L, Kanji JN, Charlton C, Smyczek P, Vaudry W, Houston S, Tse-Chang A, Hawkes MT Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Operational Issues and Barriers to Implementation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract Over the past 10 years substantial progress has been made in the implementation of prevention of mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In spite of this, new pediatric infections remain unacceptably high, contributing the majority (>90%) of the estimated 390,000 infections globally in 2010; and yet prolonged breastfeeding remains the norm and crucial to overall infant survival. However, there is reason for optimism given the 2010 World Health Organization PMTCT recommendations: to start HIV infected pregnant women with CD4 cell counts less than 350 cell...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aizire J, Fowler MG, Coovadia HM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Antiretroviral Drugs to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV during Breastfeeding.
Abstract In low and middle-income countries (LMIC), transmission of HIV during breastfeeding represents a major public health challenge. In the absence of interventions, breast milk HIV transmission can account up to 40% or more of new pediatric HIV infections in sub Saharan Africa. Several viral, maternal clinical, immunological and genetic factors, as well as maternal-infant host factors and type of infant feeding may influence the risk of breastfeeding transmission of HIV. The mechanisms of breast milk HIV transmission are poorly understood. For mothers who are healthy and do not need combination antiretroviral...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shetty AK, Maldonado Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs for Prevention of HIV-Mother-to-Child Transmission on Hematological Parameters and Hemoglobin Synthesis in HIV-Uninfected Newborns With and Without Thalassemia Carrier.
Abstract The effects of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs administered to HIV-infected pregnancy on hematological parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in ARV-exposed newborns with and without thalassemia carrier and of ARV drugs in worsening anemia in thalassemia carrier newborns are not well understood. Cord blood samples were collected from newborns of HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnancies. Hematological parameters and hemoglobin typing were analyzed by automated blood counter and capillary electrophoresis (CE), respectively. In the group of thalassemia carrier, the ARV-exposed newborns had significantly lower m...
Source: Current HIV Research - April 22, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wongnoi R, Oberdorfer P, Sirivatanapa P, Phanpong C, Pornprasert S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Progress in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 in Zhejiang Province, China, 2007-2013.
This study compares two principal periods, from 2007-2009 and from 2010-2013. Between the two periods, the rate of HIV counseling among pregnant women rose significantly from 84.87% to 99.08% and the rate of HIV testing rose from 80.60% to 98.58% .However, the HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women increased slightly, from 0.01% to 0.02%. Over 70% of infected women were migrants and half of these HIV-1 positive pregnant women were 20-30 years old. Variations in the characteristics of HIV-1 positive pregnant women were observed over time, the proportion of women employed increased dramatically from 15.03% during 2007-2009 to...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 25, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhang XH, Lu W, Wu QY, Jiang JY, Chen DQ, Qiu LQ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV-1 Early Infant Diagnosis is an Effective Indicator of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program Performance: Experience from Cameroon.
CONCLUSIONS: Using EID dataset, it appears that considerable reduction in HIV MTCT may be achievable through access to ARV (option B+) and adequate infant feeding option (especially FF) in Cameroon. EID programme is therefore an effective routine approach for PMTCT programme evaluation in resource-limited settings. PMID: 25845391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: SaoundeTemgoua EM, Nkenfou CN, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Fokam J, Billong SC, Sosso SM, Tangipumdu C, Elong EL, Domkan I, Colizzi V Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Magnitude of HIV and syphilis seroprevalence among pregnant women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis was high. Low husband educational status was a risk factor for HIV and syphilis. Therefore, substantial efforts have to be made to reinforce prevention strategies and to screen as early as possible to prevent mother-to-child and further horizontal transmission. Keywords: HIV, magnitude, seroprevalence, syphilis
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - June 2, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Milk Donor Blood Screening for HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B markers in a Brazilian Human Milk Bank: Prevalence time-trends over the 2005-2015 period.
CONCLUSION: High prevalence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B was found for the 2005-2015 period among breastfeeding mothers who offered to donate their exceeding milk to a human milk bank in Brazil. Despite apparent elimination of the HIV by the end of the period, the decline was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in the acute hepatitis B prevalence over time but the syphilis prevalence increase in the most recent period was statistically significant. PMID: 28685670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kupek E, Savi EO Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Retention and adherence: global challenges for the long-term care of adolescents and young adults living with HIV
Purpose of review Adolescents living with HIV are the only age group with increasing HIV mortality at a time of global scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a ‘treat all’ strategy is implemented worldwide, it is critically important to optimize retention and adherence for this vulnerable group. Recent findings Adolescents and young adults living with HIV have poorer outcomes when compared with adults at each stage of the HIV care cascade, irrespective of income setting. Rates of viral suppression are lowest for adolescents living with HIV, and adherence to ART remains an enormous challenge. High-q...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - May 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ADOLESCENTS AND HIV: Edited by Mary-Ann Davies and Elizabeth Hamlyn Source Type: research

Immunotherapies to Prevent Mother to Child Transmission of HIV.
Abstract Although pharmacological interventions have been successful in reducing prevention of maternal to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, there is concern that complete elimination through this mode of transmission will require other measures. Immunotherapies in infants or pregnant mothers may be able to eradicate this form of transmission. A recent vaccine trial in adults shows encouraging results, but as in most HIV safety and efficacy vaccine trials, the question of MTCT was not addressed. Concentrating transmission studies and vaccine studies in the setting of MTCT offers several advantages. MTCT has a gen...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hicar MD Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research